I have some code that must eventually run on Arduino but can be more easily tested under a standard VS 2012 setup (C++ or C#).  Is this possible?  Any example to get started?

I agree with Marius, it is a lot easier to just build in VS 2012 as Arduino to see if it compiles okay.

It is also true to say that standard C++ will not combine multiple pde/ino files correctly so we must assume you have only 1 of these source files in your project?

If you have your std C++ setup already working then you might try the following, however it hasn't been tested since the recent changes for the debug tool.

1) Optionally, create a new Win32 Solution Configuration called any name such as "Arduino"

2) Add the new configuration name to "Tools>Options>Visual Micro>Compiler>Release Configuration". Or if you didn;t create a new config in 1) above then set this option "Release"

After doing this you should be able to select any configuration than specified in 2) for a std. win32 compile.

Thanks for the hints.  I'll give them a try.
I'm writing some code that is fairly complex but does not need an interface to outside hardware so I thought It would be easer to simply write it in 'C' using VS 2012 where I could single step it and have full control of the debug process.  Then, when it runs correctly, I could cut it into the code that must run on the Arduino and complete the debug process using Visual Micro.
I did try C# and quickly ran into the namespace problem and many differences in syntax so I gave that idea up.