Hi,

You have a few options all need a little study.

The basic principal is to create a new C# windows forms, wpf or cross platform project that allows you to design using controls such as buttons, textboxes, charts etc. The c# application will need to use the System.IO.Serial  and SerialPort namespaces so that you can read and write data to a COM/Serial port. The arduino will also have the usual arduino c++ code uploaded that uses the Serial object to wait for or send commands /data to the C# application.

If you don't want to write any Arduino code then try the Arduino Firmata library which allows you to control or query the arduino using serial commands.  If you use Firmata then you will find plenty of app examples on the web.

Hope this helps.

That's right Arduino ide and visual.micro perform similar tasks. However visual studio also allows you to create other types of apps. Then use serial to communicate unless you have a WiFi board then can use tcp.